What is a HIDA Scan? Expert Guide for Patients

What is a HIDA Scan?

A HIDA scan, or Hepatobiliary Iminodiacetic Acid scan, is a nuclear medicine imaging procedure that evaluates the function of the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts. By tracking a small, safe radioactive tracer injected into a vein, doctors can assess bile flow, identify blockages, and detect post-surgical complications.

HIDA scans are especially useful when ultrasounds or CT scans do not provide clear answers. They provide both anatomical and functional insights, making them essential for accurate diagnosis.

Why Doctors Recommend a HIDA Scan

A HIDA scan is typically recommended for:

1. Gallbladder Disease – Detects inflammation or infection, often caused by gallstones.

2. Bile Duct Obstruction – Identifies blockages from tumors, strictures, or stones.

3. Post-Surgical Complications – Checks for bile leaks or gallbladder issues after cholecystectomy.

4. Biliary Dyskinesia – Evaluates gallbladder function in patients with chronic abdominal pain.

Expert Insight: Dr. Emily Rodriguez, a gastroenterologist, explains: “HIDA scans provide a clear picture of how bile flows, which helps us diagnose issues that other imaging tests might miss.”

Preparing for a HIDA Scan

Proper preparation ensures accurate and reliable results:

• Fasting: Patients usually fast for 4–6 hours before the scan.

• Medication Disclosure: Inform your doctor of all medications and supplements, especially those affecting bile flow.

• Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: While the tracer is safe in small amounts, always notify your doctor if you are pregnant or nursing.

• Health Conditions: Share any liver, kidney, or allergy concerns.

Following these steps minimizes interference and ensures precise imaging.

What to Expect During the Procedure

1. Tracer Injection – A small dose of radioactive tracer is injected into a vein.

2. Imaging – A gamma camera captures how the tracer moves through the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, and small intestine.

3. Optional Stimulation – Sometimes, cholecystokinin (CCK) is used to stimulate gallbladder contraction for functional evaluation.

4. Duration – The procedure usually takes 1–2 hours.

Patient Experience Tip: The procedure is painless. Some patients may feel mild discomfort at the injection site.

Risks and Safety

HIDA scans are low-risk and widely considered safe. Potential side effects include:

• Minor allergic reactions to the tracer (rare)

• Slight bruising or discomfort at the injection site

• Minimal radiation exposure, safe for most adults

Trusted Source: According to the American College of Radiology, the amount of radiation used is small and unlikely to cause harm.

Understanding Your HIDA Scan Results

A radiologist reviews the images and sends a report to your doctor. Common findings include:

• Normal Function – Smooth bile flow from liver to intestine.

• Gallbladder Dysfunction – Delayed emptying, indicating biliary dyskinesia.

• Obstruction or Leak – Blocked bile ducts or post-surgical leaks may be detected.

Doctors use these results to create a personalized treatment plan.

Tips for Patients

• Ask Questions – Clarify why the scan is necessary and what results might indicate.

• Follow Prep Instructions – Fasting and medication guidance are essential.

• Stay Calm – The scan is non-invasive and safe.

• Review Results Carefully – Discuss findings thoroughly with your healthcare provider.

Conclusion

A HIDA scan is a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing liver, gallbladder, and bile duct health. By providing both structural and functional information, it helps doctors make accurate diagnoses and guide treatment plans.

Following preparation guidelines and understanding the procedure ensures patients are informed and confident, supporting better health outcomes.